Julius And Ethel Rosenberg Essays - , Term Papers

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg The outcome of the Julius and Ethel Rosenberg trial for espionage in 1951 and their subsequent execution in 1953 was directly related to the political climate at that time. The government's evidence against the Rosenbergs was not overwhelming, but due to a combination of fear and political pressure, the guilty verdict was inevitable. Even though Julius did not deliver the secrets of the atomic bomb to Moscow, nor did they cause the Korean War, as Judge Kaufman claimed, the pair were sentenced to death. Their death confirmed their guilt because America would never kill innocent people. Their execution also reinforced the heinous nature of their crime and other soviet spys' crimes as well. The fear of communism and the cold war sealed the fate for Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. The cold war was the general term for the post-1945 political, ideological, strategic and military conflict between the western allies led by the United States and the Soviet Union and other communist countries. 1 This global confrontation was fuel by mutual fear and distrust. Both camps defaulted on postwar agreements which, led to further alienation.2 The end of WWII saw Europe economically devastated and in political turmoil. 3 The defeat of Germany left the European continent vulnerable to outside influence. In addition to the economic strength shown by the western allies, the United States not only had nuclear capabilities, but also without hesitation used the power twice. 4 The Soviet Union, in an effort to contract the economic and military might of the United States and its allies, set about tightening its grasp on the east European countries it had occupied during WWII. 5 In the years between 1945 and 1948 the Soviet Union gained control of Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia. The Soviet Union hoped that by adding these separate governments and militaries, it could offset the United States nuclear capabilities and provide its western boarder with a buffer zone. 6 Though the Soviet Union was actively developing its own nuclear capabilities, the communist power realized that the U.S. had used its atomic bomb with devastating results. 7 Although the United States was putting much fear into the hearts of many Soviets, the post WWII conflict was affecting the United States in much the same way. The United States was worried about the leader of the Soviet Union and his power over many countries. 5 The United States would come to realize that this would not be an easy fight to win. The leader of the Soviet Union at that time was a man named Joseph Stalin. He had much control over people's ideas and beliefs and he used that to his advantage. 8 The United States feared his leadership because of his power and his dishonesty. Stalin went back on his word to create a more democratic government inside the Soviet Union, and took total control of Poland when he said he would not at the Yalta conference in 1945. 5 Iran became the starting point of East-West confrontation. The United States and the Soviet Union had occupied parts of Iran during WWII in order to protect allied oil supplies. Both countries agreed to withdraw at wars' end. But in 1945 the Soviet Union refused to withdraw its troops. The conflict ended in 1946 when the USSR pulled out its troops in return for oil rights in Iran. 9 Later in 1946, Stalin gave a speech declaring ideological war against the West. 10 To counter Stalin's aggressive actions in 1947, the president proposed the Truman Doctrine. The Truman Doctrine was designed to give military aid to Greece in its battle against communist-backed rebel forces. 11 It also gave economic aid to Turkey, whose economy was being stressed by the need to maintain a large army in order to resist the USSR and its demand for a naval base within its boundaries. President Truman's pitch to Congress was meant to scare the American people into action. It succeeded in getting the Greek-Turk ish aid bill passed and it also set the tone for the cold war. Less than a year later the United States pressured Iran to take back the previously granted oil rights to the USSR, thus creating more suspicion

Consequences of Spatial Distribution and Consumption of Natural Resources at a Global Scale Essay Example

Consequences of Spatial Distribution and Consumption of Natural Resources at a Global Scale Essay Example Consequences of Spatial Distribution and Consumption of Natural Resources at a Global Scale Paper Consequences of Spatial Distribution and Consumption of Natural Resources at a Global Scale Paper A natural resource can be defined as an item that after necessary processing or manufacture is useful and hence meets the needs of the society. Natural resources can be divided into two categories. Renewable and non-renewable. Renewable resources are those which after use will be replenished, if used appropriately. Non-renewable resources are those which come in finite stocks, therefore will eventually run out. Generally, natural resources are spread unevenly over the globe. That is in some areas there may be a concentration of a certain natural resource that may be scarce in another. It is important to note that currently developed countries use the majority of the available resources on an annual basis. Fresh water is an example of a renewable resource. After use it will be replenished. Less than five percent of the water on earth exists as fresh water and less than one percent is accessible as surface water. The distribution of water varies unevenly around the globe. One such reason for this is the variations in the amount precipitation received in certain areas. Currently water is being consumed in a way that it is turning into a non-renewable resource. The world’s supply of fresh water is threatened by growing levels of pollution, more so in developing countries than developed. There are many environmental problems associated with the consumption of water in a way that transforms it into a non-renewable resource. Water pollution heavily affects the functionings of an ecosystem as water pollution directly affects both plants and animals. If current trends of water pollution continue many social consequences will arise. According to a UN Report entitled ‘A Comprehensive Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of the world states that If water pollution continues than two-thirds of the world’s population will suffer ‘moderate to severe water stress’ by 2050. A rise in water pollution can also cause public health problems, specifically water-borne diseases. A lack of adequate freshwater could also place the world’s food supply in jeopardy. There are many political and economic consequences arising from the spatial patterns and consumption of freshwater. A rise in water pollution can significantly impact upon agricultural growth, and ultimately may cause a slowing economic growth. Political hostility can develop if there is not a fair distribution and price of water as was seen in Great Britain when the rates for water increased under private water companies. This rise was attributed to personal benefits for executives and as such political hostility developed. Minerals are an example of a non-renewable resource. This is because the rate at which they are being used is much faster than the rate at which they are forming. There is an inconsistent dispersal of minerals around the globe, in that some countries have more plentiful supplies than others. These inconsistent spatial patterns are attributed to a number of factors. For example coal seams are present in more places than others because they formed from swampland that existed 350 million years ago. It is evident that there is an uneven dispersal of minerals in that 4 countries export seventy percent of the worlds annual iron ore. It is fact that the developed countries consume more minerals than developed. China produces seventy percent of the iron ore extracted every year. However its consumption is so high that it has to import a further fifteen percent to meet its needs. There are many environmental issues arising from the consumption and distribution of minerals. The mining and refining process can have a devastating effect on the environment. Specifically in developing countries where there is less emphasis on sustainability and a greater emphasis on profit there is little funding provided for the rehabilitation of open cut mining sites. This can have a significant effect on the environment. Also the smelting process in the refining of many metal ores release pollutants into the air. One such example is the refining of bauxite to produce aluminium. Bauxite has a high sulfur content and as such when smelted sulfur dioxide is released into the air. Sulfur dioxide forms acid rain and thus can have a devastating effect on the environment. Many economic consequences also arise out of the spatial patterns of minerals. As some countries possess a greater amount of mineral than others, come countries are more economically affected. For example, Australia whose main export is mining of aluminium and coal is higly economically affected by changes in the demand and prices of these minerals. Politicla consequences arising from mineral use come mainly from Trans National Companies and over the issue of sovereignty. TNC’s can be contracted by governments and in return may receive loans are assisatnbce form these companies. The issue of sovereignty over natural resource and land ownership can result in political conflict. An example would be the attempted invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in 1990 over sovereignty rights. Forests are another example of a non renewable resource. Forests are also unevenly distributed around the globe, becoming scarce in places with harsher climates. Forests are especially important for developing countries as a means of food and building material. Approximately 30 percent of the earth’s land area is covered by forest. This amount is decreasing by 13 million hectares annually due to deforestation. The environmental consequences associated with the consumption of forests are not only a great affect on local ecosystems. Soil that is now exposed to sunlight becomes degraded and the amount of carbon dioxide gas rises. This may result in an enhanced greenhouse effect. Socially forests are also important as a means of recreation and for tourism. With the annual decrease in forest these factors are endangered. Economically, the spatial patterns and distribution of forests can have a number of positive consequences. Not only will forest be a means of economic growth but the deforestation process creates local jobs, enhances skills especially in the use of technological machinery. Political consequences come mainly in the form of Green politics. Issues with greeg politics arise when there is great environmental damage as a result of issues concerning the forest. An example of this was in Germany when a number of green politicians were elected because of the deterioration of forest due to acid rain. It is evident that the spatial patterns and consequences of the distribution and consumption of natural resources at a global scale can have political, social, economic and environmental consequences, both positive and negative.

Hague Visby Rules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hague Visby Rules - Essay Example This essay stresses that Hague Rules was limited under the influence of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1924 it also included the bills of lading that were issued, it was applied only to the cargo that were outbound from UK. It was not applicable to other voyages. The Hague-Visby rules were applicable to the international voyages as well. It contained an addendum that was in reference with international voyages. It accounted for the trade between international coasts. It also contained legitimate details, which had rules and regulations which accounted for the rights and an international contract related to the operations on international coasts as well. This paper declares that the rules were made as the word of law and therefore, any document that contained the postulates laid down in respect with the trade that was being carried out between two companies and was signed with the above terms present on the paper, the paper would be treated as the bill of laden and the parties held liable for the rules laid down. Those laid down rules would be governing the relations between the parties and had to be followed by the parties in any case. The rules were negotiable if the postulate related to negotiations was laid down in the contract, the rules could also be negotiated if both the parties were willing to negotiate it. It need not be a formal document, but if any paper that had suggested rules and signs of both the parties then it would be considered as a bill of lading no matter what. (SCARRY, 2010). It was also very clearly mentioned that the contracting states should be mentioned so that there are no conflicts or claims related to th e parties. There was another differentiating factor between The Hague and The Hague-Visby rules. It was on the limitation of the liability. The limitation of liability in The Hague rule was 100 pound per package, and there was another additional clause to it that the compensation was of gold value.

Substitution and income effects Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Substitution and income effects - Assignment Example Therefore, an increase in the price of gasoline has various effects. The owner of the vehicle can opt to take several measures in order to remain at the same level of satisfaction (Hall & Lieberman, 2008). Considering that it is only the price of gasoline that have changed, yet the income of the consumer remains constant, the following decisions will have different income and substitution effects: You drove less and purchased less gasoline When a consumer decides to drive less and purchase less gasoline, he/she will be able to save some income. The income saved from the reduction in the gasoline purchased can make up for the budget reduction that would have occurred as a result of increased gasoline prices (Landsburg, 2011). However, the satisfaction obtained by the consumer is likely to change. This is because, the consumer can no longer travel to far off distances where he/she used to go before. This could limit the satisfaction he obtains from the travel and adventure (Hall & Lieb erman, 2008). Additionally, the reduction in the quantity of gasoline purchased limits the extent to which the basket of the consumer can be filled, since some cheaper commodities that make up his/her basket could be found some distance away. Therefore, although reducing the quantity of gasoline purchased and the consequent distance travelled can maintain the consumers purchasing power, it is likely to reduce his/her satisfaction (McEachern, 2012). You ate out less often The effects of reducing what the customer eats, is not any different. Eating out less often has the substitution effect of conserving some resources that could have been used for food, to make up for the gap created by the increased gasoline price. This is meant to maintain the customer at the same level of consumption for gasoline units, despite the change in its prices (). However, even though such a move can keep the consumer at the same levels of gasoline consumption, he/she has already lost out in the quantity of food and drinks consumed. This has the effect of reducing the satisfaction of the customer, derived from eating several times in a day (Landsburg, 2011). In making such a decision, the preference and utility derived by the consumer from eating certain units of foodstuff in a day will play a greater role (Hall & Lieberman, 2008). The consumer will make his/her shopping basket based on the preference and the utility he/she derives from them. Thus, although reducing the quantity of foodstuff consumed can maintain the purchasing power of the consumer, his/her situation could be worse off in terms of satisfaction derived from foodstuff consumption (McEachern, 2012). You spent less to maintain your automobile Where the consumer decides to reduce the money spent in maintaining the automobile to mitigate the effects of increased fuel prices, the decision can maintain his purchasing power in the short run. However, this can be detrimental in the long run, since the automobile might end up breaking down, causing more resources to be used in its repair, than would have been used in its maintenance (Hall & Lieberman, 2008). Therefore, reducing the resources used in automobile maintenance can help the consumer remain at the same consumption level as before. However, this is not sustainable since lack of maintenance worsens the condition of the automobile. This is likely to

Techwire Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Techwire - Case Study Example The embedded strategy is to competitively develop the company increasing the stakes for all players. The company is operating in a gorgeous as well as stable industry and has key competitive advantages supported by considerable financial strength (Jarzabkowski, 2005). SWOT Analysis is a helpful technique for comprehending the Strengths as well as Weaknesses, and for discovering all the Opportunities present to the business and finally, the Threats or risks a company experiences (Ratnasingam, 2006). Applied in a business perspective it assists one carve a continued existence niche in the marketplace. Applied in a personal background, it permits one to create his or her profession in a manner that takes maximum advantage of their capabilities, talents as well as opportunities. Techwire business strengths are in general, the company is presently having the best team coupled with scientific engineers who are well-trained to make this excellent software. Additionally, the Chief Financial Officer) on the company formerly developed an implausible request that is distributed pertaining to large sums of money. The company has a number of demerits currently even though most of us are trying to concentrate on these people and also solve the limitations. Perceiving as the business bears a 50 million dollar deficiency, most of us are incapable to devote to marketing and promotion as well public regards as of now. The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix is a strategic instrument which is applied in evaluating alternative group of strategies. The QSPM includes previous stage details in a systematic manner to compute the score of numerous strategies so as to discover the best counterpart strategy for the business (Yogyakarta, 2008). The QSPM emerges under the third phase of strategy creation which is known as â€Å"The Decision phase†

Nurse Life Care Planning

Nurse Life Care Planning Debilitating and tragic accidents, painful, chronic illnesses that leave one dependent and unable to do many simple activities of daily life – who would you want to help plan the highly important details of care to maintain the rest of yours or a loved one’s life? Nurse Life Care Planners play a significant role in combining the assessment and diagnoses of a patient to develop a long-term plan with individualized interventions for that patient based on environmental conditions that will lead to optimal outcomes. (Lance, 2007). Nurse Life Care Planners extend beyond the biomedical aspect of an individual and approach care from a holistic perspective that includes managing symptoms, improving quality of life, promoting health, wellness, and managing disease. The American Association of Nurse Life Care Planners (AANLCP) defines a Nurse Life Care Planner duties as â€Å"employ[ing] the nursing process, or critical thinking methodology when developing a life care plan throu gh the diagnosis and treatment of the human response to alleviate suffering, prevent future illness and injury while promoting and optimizing health and abilities, and advocating for care of the individual and their family. The Nurse Life Care Planner may delegate the implementation and ongoing evaluation of the life care plan to a registered nurse case manager, or other nurse life care planners†(citation) . To develop the understanding of the important role Nurse Life Care Planners in healthcare provide, this paper will cover the educational requirements, training, salary, field history, demand, legal aspects, and applicable nursing theories related to a career as a Nurse Life Care Planner. Body Paragraph 1 Educational Requirements Much debate surrounds the level of degree required for Nurse Life Care Planners, specifically if Registered Nurses should have a minimum education of a bachelor’s degree level in Nursing and still remains a point of discrepancy, yet to be defined today. Currently, Registered Nurses with experience caring for critically injured or ill patients primarily in critical care settings are most-qualified to become Life Care Planners, for example Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA’s) with experience in critical care and a master’s degree level specialized in Anesthesia. Additionally, other professionals, such as counselors, case managers, social workers, psychologists, rehabilitation healthcare professionals and etc. with degrees and background in life care planning are eligible to become Life Care Planners (Van Wieren Reid, 2007). A certification in Life Care Planning is required once minimal education requirements are achieved for Registered Nurses, and at l east two years of experience in critical care are completed. Nurse Life Care Planners must acquire knowledge in all aspects of disability – medical, vocational, psychological, and behavioral – among additional knowledge of facility placement/referrals if long-term facilities are needed for an individual’s plan of care, and methods and skills for preventative care (Van Wieren Reid, 2007). Several Life Care Planning certification programs exist today and offer classes that focus on medical disability and case management, and life care development (â€Å"Becoming a Certified Life Care Planner,† n.d.). Salary The typical wage for nurse Life Care Planners ranges from eighty to one-hundred and fifty dollars per hour and continues to increase due to a great demand for Nurse Life Care Planners (â€Å"Life Care Planning Career†, n.d.). Body Paragraph 2 Job Description Patients who have survived critical illnesses or trauma and remain disabled with long term limitations from illness and/or injury, often require well-planned, coordinated long-term care. Through exercising the nursing process (Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, and Evaluate), Life Care Planners develop the most effective and individualized plan of care for their patient to achieve optimal wellness for their condition. Life Care Planning involves everything from basic and critical care nursing skills to evaluating costs and care providers that patients can afford. In term, Nurse Life Care Planners combine multiple aspects, experiences, and healthcare departments like, â€Å"Case Management, Rehabilitation, Home Health, and Discharge Planning† to provide care for dependent patients (Lance, 2007). Essentially, a complete, practicing knowledge of the nursing process helps define the goals and purpose of Nurse Life Care Planning. For example, consider a burn victim, a Nurse Life Ca re Planner will fully assess the patient and gather a database and effects of the burns holistically; then, the Nurse Life Care Planner will form a nursing diagnosis, coupled with a medical diagnosis based on the evidence gathered from an initial and on-going assessment to identify realistic concerns and risks the patient may face. Following the formed diagnoses, the Nurse Life Care Planner will develop a multidisciplinary-approached care plan for the patient’s diagnoses, including detailed thought and attention to the patient’s individual needs such as finances, environment, esteem, and other personal aspects that are crucial in quality long-term care. Finally, implementing the well-thought, highly detailed plan in a timely action (i.e. before scar maturation) for the patient begins, involving all aspects of healthcare before finally being evaluated and adjusted for the patient when necessary (Weed Berens, 2005). The Nursing Process’ role is a conceptual frame work or model that guides the work of Nurse Life Care Planners and facilitates achievement of individualized care and best outcomes for the patient. Setting Life Care Planning is not exclusive to working in hospital settings, many work for insurance companies, settlement companies, long-term health facilities like nursing homes, legally as attorneys consultants, and even self-employed within personal practices (Lance, 2007). Body Paragraph 3 Field History As a fairly recent practice, Dr. Paul Deutsch publicly described Nurse Life Care Planning thirty years ago to be a specialty of rehabilitation and â€Å"developed the basic tenets, methodologies and processes of Life Care Planning†¦as a fundamental tool of case management in his 1981 text, Damages in Tort Actions† (â€Å"Congratulations, Dr. Paul Deutsch,† 2007, p.). Over the last thirty years, Dr. Deutsch, among others, has continued developing Nurse Life Care Planning and has since begun to involve multiple healthcare fields â€Å"including rehabilitation counseling, rehabilitation nursing, rehabilitation psychology, physiatry, case management, and other areas† (Van Wieren Reid, 2007, p. 25). Demand The need for such an ever-evolving career is very large for the small supply that is currently available today; there are approximately 560 Nurse Life Care Planners in the United States today, thus a hard demand to fulfill (Life Care Planning Career, n.d.). According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Service’s website, LongTermCare.gov, sixty-nine percent of the US population requires long-term care for at least three years and eight percent of the US population who are between ages forty and fifty have disabilities that require long-term care services; with these statistics alone, the number of Nurse Life Care Planners compared to population in need of long-term care is easily outweighed. Body Paragraph 4 Legal Issues Surrounding Nurse Life Care Planning More legal and ethical issues, typical to healthcare, surround Life Care Planning, especially when care plans consult end-of-life care. â€Å"End-of-Life Care† is loosely defined, varies among different theories, and has not been scientifically proved to be consistent with a precise period in time; ultimately, it can be defined by policy, procedures, and guidelines of different facilities and is specific to the illnesses and injuries a patient is diagnosed with (Izumi, Nagae, Sakurai, Imamura 2012, p. 613). Guaranteeing a high standard of care, relief from symptoms and preserving dignity by letting patients have control of their end-of-life care plans regardless of their medical and financial situations are key goals for end-of-life care planning. Two ways terminally-ill patients can preserve and form resources to sustain their best interests when not able to for themselves are by referring to previous Advanced Directives for refusals and outlines of treatments or referring t o an individual who has been given detailed directions by the patient themselves as a Power of Attorney (Brown Vaughan, 2013). Incorporating Advanced Directives and respecting Power of Attorneys into the patient’s life care plan is critical among being the most useful resources, yet can create potential ethical dilemmas or conflicts of interest amongst patients, family members, and providers that Nurse Life Care Planners might face during end-of-life care planning if not followed completely. In the 2014 study, â€Å"Narrative analysis of the ethics in providing advance care planning,† a group of researchers asked sixty-two care managers (RN’s or Social Workers) the ethical themes and values that they faced as care managers and when dealing with end-of-life care planning. Those themes were identified as humility, respect, responsibility, setting boundaries, client empowerment, courage, and veracity. The ethical theme and value of humility for understanding the diverse beliefs of clients, along with the respect for a client’s beliefs, similar to humility, regardless of the care manager’s beliefs were identified by the participants. Additionally, responsibility and setting boundaries were identified as ethical themes and values to educate clients on their options for end-of-life care planning and fulfilling their duties to their agencies and professions both legally and morally, while setting boundaries between social and professional obligations , which, in turn, can become legal boundaries. Empowering clients with information and choice needed to develop their end-of-life care plans, but not influencing the client’s decisions as well as courage to advocate for client’s faced with family-influenced decisions, were two other identified ethical themes and values for Nurse Life Care Planners. Finally, veracity, as an ethical theme and value from establishing rapport with clients and their families enough to be trusted with care-planning and the imperative information regarding care-planning (Baughman, Aultman, Ludwick, O’Neill, 2014). Guaranteeing a patient that their best interest and wishes will be maintained and used is not only a duty of the Nurse Life Care Planner, but a basis to providing quality care and allows clients to make critical decisions about their health in times when they do not have such capacity. Subsequently, identifying and maintaining ethical themes and values for quality patient care is an added duty during end-of-life and life care planning. Body Paragraph 5 Applicable Nursing Theory One’s response to chronic illness varies based upon individuals, but ultimately depends on their ability to cope as well as resources available to the patient to manage alterations in their health. In Carrie Jo Braden’s 1990 nursing theory, â€Å"A test of the Self-Help Model: Learned Response to Chronic Illness Experience† the theorist identifies that individuals subjected to chronic illnesses needing assistance with the strategies of managing and coping with the illness may depend more on the individual’s perception of their own ability to help themselves or remain helpless. The perception of learned-helplessness is, ultimately, lacking knowledge to remain in control of the common and manageable, yet irrepressible difficulties associated with chronic illnesses. Comparatively, the learned self-help response incorporates these irrepressible difficulties into a cultivated response, not necessarily as a treatment of the chronic illness, but as coping and man agement of the illness (Braden, 1990, p. 42). Braden (1990) conclusively states that the variables influencing self-help as a learned response to chronic illness are the illness severity, uncertainty, dependency, enabling skill, self-help and life quality. Both the severity of the illness and monitoring the illness remain the preexisting variables contributing to the learned response process, keeping in mind that adversities vary from illness-to-illness and person-to-person. The ability to monitor the complicated adversities of the illness are immediately linked with the severity of the illness and therefore the ability of the individual to find the resources to manage and cope with the severity; this also remains an issue of self-help and desire to access educational and supportive resources. Braden determined that the study’s participants who attended self-help classes were more likely to have gained monitoring and self-enabled care skills. Additionally, those with greater incomes had greater self-help ability to afford measures that maximize coping and management of chronic illness. Further discovery into background topics like predispositions of illness (gender, race, age), class, and income were variables not fully examined but identified as possible and actual contributors to self-help responses (Braden, 1990, p. 46-7). Nurse Life Care Planners connect the learned response to chronic illness and life care planning to resourcefully design individualized care plans that incorporates aspects and perceptions of self-help to cope and manage chronic illnesses. Additionally, Nurse Life Care Planners eliminate factors like financial disposition of the self-help response by examining and identifying life care plans that are affordable and patient-centered. Nurse Life Care Planners also provide critical patient education and support focused on the individual’s condition and outlined in the patient’s life care plan. By combining the Learned Response to Chronic Illness theory and the specialized skill and knowledge of the Nurse Life Care Planner, it is possible to provide the best options and plans for patient coping and management of chronic illnesses. Conclusion Examining the educational requirements/training, salary, history, demand, legal aspects, and nursing theories applicable to Nurse Life Care planning gives great insight into the importance and benefits of becoming a Nurse Life Care Planner. Nurse Life Care Planners are responsible for and play the critical role in alleviating the frustrations patients may encounter when faced with chronic illnesses. Individualizing care plans, remaining sensitive to patient preference and hardships, and providing a high standard of care is the prime objective of Nurse Life Planners. References Baughman, K., Aultman, J., Ludwick, R., O’Neill, A. (2014). Narrative analysis of the ethics in providing advance care planning. Nursing Ethics, 21(1), 53-63. doi:10.1177/0969733013486795 Becoming a Certified Life Care Planner. (n.d.). Nurse Without Borders. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from http://nursewithoutborders.org/becoming-a-certified-life-care-planner/ Braden, C. J. (1990). A test of the Self-Help Model: Learned Response to Chronic Illness Experience. Nursing Research, 39(1), 42-47. Brown, M., Vaughan, C. (2013). Care at the end of life: how policy and the law support practice. British Journal Of Nursing, 22(10), 580-583 Congratulations, Dr. Paul Deutsch. (2007).Journal of Life Care Planning,6(1-2), 53-54. Izumi, S., Nagae, H., Sakurai, C., Imamura, E. (2012). Defining end-of-life care from perspectives of nursing ethics.Nursing Ethics,19(5), 608-618. doi:10.1177/0969733011436205 Lance, K. (2007). Nurse life care planning. Virginia Nurses Today, 15(3), 11 Life Care Planning Career. (n.d.). Becoming a Life Care Planner. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from http://www.healthcarepathway.com/Health-Care-Careers/Life-Care-Planner.html#forms2 Van Wieren, T., Reid, C. (2007). Nursing educational requirements: relevance to life care planning credentialing policy.Journal Of Life Care Planning,6(1-2), 25-45. Weed, R., Berens, D. (2005). Basics of Burn Injury: Implications for Case Management and Life Care Planning. Lippincotts Case Management, 10(1), 22-29. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Who Needs Care?. (n.d.). LongTermCare.gov. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from http://longtermcare.gov/the-basics/who-needs-care/

Comparing Low-fat, Low-calorie, and Low-carbohydrate Diets Essays

Comparing Low-fat, Low-calorie, and Low-carbohydrate Diets Low-fat, low-calorie, and low-carbohydrate diets are of unequal effectiveness and merit. Low-carbohydrate diets are simply better. All three diets attempt to induce weight loss by managing the body’s energy intake. The body gets the energy it needs to stay alive from food. Food can be broken down into three major categories: carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Even though fat contains the most calories per gram, because of the way digestion works, the body gets all of its energy from carbohydrates and none from fat found in food. When the body takes in excess energy, it is stored in body fat. If it ever needs to, the body can dip into these energy reserves by breaking down the fat in which the energy is stored. Low-carbohydrate diets work by cutting back on the body’s main fuel source, carbohydrates, and replacing it with fat and protein. While protein and fat have other vital uses in the body, they do not provide any energy. So, the body is forced to burn fat for fuel. Lo w-calorie diets simply proscribe a lower overall caloric intake thereby providing the body with insufficient fuel, again forcing the body to dip into its reserves. Low-fat diets reduce fat intake because proponents of low-fat diets claim that fat is the type of food with the biggest caloric bang for its nutritional buck Low-fat diets are based on the fallacious connection between body fat and fat in food. There is no such connection, and this is a mistake that can have dire consequences. The body does not use fat as an energy source. People actually gain weight on low-fat diets because snacks toted as low-fat are frequently high in carbohydrates to compensate for the loss of flavor from lack of fat. Becau... ...st in calories. However, that connection is nonexistent and people can gain weight on low-fat diets if they are not careful. They also do not get enough of the vitamins that are only found in fat. Low-calorie diets stipulate a cutback in overall food intake. Such diets are effective but also cut back on essential vitamins. By reducing the amount of carbohydrates in a persons diet and replacing them with fat and protein low-carbohydrate diets safely and efficiently induce weight loss. Works Cited 1. Astrup, Anne, Thomas Meinert Larsen, and Angela Harper. Atkins and other low carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss. www.thelancet.com Vol. 364. September 4, 2004. 2. Nelson, David L. and Michael M. Cox. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 3rd ed. Worth Publishers. 2000 3. http://www.weightlossforgood.co.uk/fat_information.htm

A building management system – (BMS)

THE CHALLENGEThe university wanted to implement a cohesive edifice direction scheme, and derive greater control of a big figure of bequest systems on the campus, including warming, air-conditioning and airing ( HVAC ) , entree control, and fire dismay systems. They besides wanted to supervise and pull off H2O and energy ingestion. Many of the edifice systems did non associate back to estates for cardinal control. This made it hard to supervise, manage and command the systems, and hence present a consistent degree of service to staff and pupils. Remote entree to the control systems was merely as of import. The university wanted to be able to put clip agendas, alteration edifice temperature set points, see dismaies on failures, and look into issues remotely without holding to physically direct an applied scientist to site.What is a Building Management System and how does it work?The BMS is a â€Å" base entirely † computing machine system that can cipher the pre-set demands of t he edifice and command the affiliated works to run into those demands. Its inputs, such as temperature detectors and end products, such as on/off signals are connected into outposts around the edifice. Programs within these outposts use this information to make up one's mind the necessary degree of applied control. The outposts are linked together and information can be passed from one to another. In add-on a modem is besides connected to the system to let distant entree. The degree of control via the BMS is dependent upon the information received from its detectors and the manner in which its programmes tell it to react to that information. Equally good as offering a precise grade of control to its environment, it can be made to dismay on conditions that ca n't run into specification or warn of single points of works failure. Occupancy times for different countries are programmed into the Building Management System such that the works is brought on and off to run into the occupier demands. These times are frequently under optimal start control. This means that the warming works is enabled, at a varying preset clip, to guarantee that the het infinite is at the set desired temperature for the start of the twenty-four hours. The Building Management System hence, based on the outside air temperature the infinite temperature and the edifice construction, determines the works start clip.Why do we necessitate a Building Management System?All Buildings have some signifier of mechanical and electrical services in order to supply the installations necessary for keeping a comfy on the job environment. These services have to be controlled by some agencies to guarantee, for illustration, that there is equal hot H2O for sinks, that the hot H2O in the radiators is sufficient to maintain an occupied infinite warm, that heating with airing and perchance chilling is provided to guarantee comfort conditions wherever, irrespective of the figure of residents or single penchants. Basic controls take the signifier of manual shift, clip redstem storksbills or temperature switches that provide the on and off signals for enabling pumps, fans or valves etc. The intent of a Building Management System ( BMS ) is to automatize and take control of these operations in the most efficient manner possible for the occupiers/business, within the restraints of the installed works. In add-on to its control maps, a BEMS typically proctors and records a wealth of information associating to conditions within a edifice and the operation of the HVAC and other services. Increasingly its responsibilities besides include the logging of energy-meter readings, a tendency that is likely to go on as demand for sub-metering grows. On most systems, informations and scenes are accessed through PC-based graphical user interfaces ( supervisors ) . In their modern signifier these powerful devices allow the user to rapidly voyage to the information they want to see and see it in a signifier that is easy to understand. When the supervisor is enabled to work as a web waiter, its shows can be viewed from any Personal computer on an organisation ‘s IT web – or via the Internet – a standard web browser being all that is needed. Importantly, the informations and scenes available to a user can be precisely tailored to that individual ‘s demands. When A BMS supervisor is enabled to work as a web waiter, its shows can be viewed from any Personal computer utilizing merely a standard web browser. Andover Controls has supplied edifice control solutions to the University of Derby for over 10 old ages. Over the last five old ages, all of the university ‘s Andover systems have been upgraded to Infinity- enabling the Estates Department staff to supervise and command the environmental and security demands of the campuses from a figure of Personal computer based workstations. Installed within each of the chief installations, the cardinal instruction installation, larning resource Centre, cardinal catering installation and undergraduate and postgraduate adjustment edifices. Some of the steps which are critical to the edifices ‘ environmentally sustainable design and which are controlled by the Infinity system include:Assorted manner extremist L & A ; ouml ; w-pressure airing.Use of the edifice construction to supply airflow canals ( floor nothingnesss, corridors and stairwaies ) and air annealing ( aggregate concrete construction ) .Thermal wheels to supply the most efficient heat exchange and therefore retain heat and cool air within the edifices.Shade Louvres, leaning blinds and sunshades to cut down solar addition yet increase natural daytime.Improved natural visible radiation degrees to cut down the demand for artifical lighting.The usage Low energy visible radiations, activated by people presence ( PIR )Ninety per cent of concerns believe there would be a better consumption of edifice direction systems ( BMS ) if the engineering was more user-friendly and cost effectual, harmonizing to a study carried out by TAC Satchwell. The research showed that cost is turn outing a major barrier to many smaller concerns and administrations taking on constructing control engineering, while the engineering itself is perceived to be excessively specialized and unaccessible. TAC Satchwell ‘s study besides revealed that 20 per cent of concerns believed at that place was non adequate buy-in for edifice controls at a council chamber degree. Simon Ward from TAC Satchwell, said that this could alter following the publication of the Government-commissioned Stern Report, which claims that planetary heating could be the universe economic system $ 9trillion over the following 25 old ages. Ward believes the merchandise will let little and average sized concerns, every bit good as small-scale public sector building undertakings, to do the most of the long-run cost nest eggs that BMS can convey. He said: â€Å" Building controls have arguably ever been about economic systems of graduated table. It makes perfect sense to utilize BMS on larger undertakings, where the cost of put ining the engineering can be offset rapidly by significant energy nest eggs. The instance is less obvious when covering with smaller edifices. Smaller administrations have neither had the fiscal clout nor the specialized accomplishments to take edifice controls and installations direction earnestly. â€Å" When it comes to salvaging energy, it is besides critical to guarantee that any strategies have the full support of everyone in the administration. TAC Satchwell helped present energy nest eggs of 12 % and cost nest eggs of & A ; lb ; 55,000 in merely 18 months. The function of installations direction has grown quickly over the last 20 old ages from a mostly unrecognized country of concern in the 1980s into a multi billion lb industry. However, harmonizing to Richard Strode at BMS specializers TAC Satchwell, it is non merely the value of the industry that has changed. The duties held by installations directors are germinating excessively. â€Å" The range of work undertaken by today ‘s installations directors is unusually variable and some estimations put the industry ‘s value every bit high as & A ; lb ; 180 billion in the UK entirely ( CFM 2004 ) . Increasingly, installations directors are expected to transport the universe on their shoulders – they have become the new defenders of the environment. The Climate Change Levy, the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, Part L ordinances and Building Log Books are all guaranting that energy is progressively on the corporate docket. A installations director is now expected to carefully equilibrate the demands of employees for a safe and comfy environment and those of the employer to cut down energy costs and heighten the bottom line, with those of the Government to cut down C emanations. Alternatively, it needs to supply them with the tools necessary to hold a opportunity of run intoing their energy preservations marks. The most effectual manner of making this is through user-friendly engineerings such that can expeditiously and economically command, look into and analyze edifice operations to assist manage and understate energy use. Developments which enables secure entree to webs via a web browser, and the Andover Continuum Wireless Solution give installations directors the chance to salvage the planet remotely † . â€Å" This ability to entree a edifice ‘s information, around the clock from anyplace in the universe, makes fine-tuning that energy direction merely that small spot easier – particularly for directors of multiple sites † .

Western Experience to the Eighteenth Century

Western Experience to the Eighteenth Century Introduction Cut off from the rest of the globe, with practically no knowledge of their neighborhoods, the goals of most individuals are to spread out their territories ultimately forming an empire and then eventually, overcoming the world. Traditionally, man has always tried to exert influence on fellow men and ever since in the early days the world was ruled through empires and kingdoms which had kings, queens, and emperors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Western Experience to the Eighteenth Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These kingdoms had great contribution to the present system of ruling as they provided the foundation of how countries or subjects are governed. Among the positive contributions that the early empires made are associated with civilization and other great discoveries. For example, the Roman Empire is associated with the engineering and the invention of cement while the Greeks are associa ted with democracy, civilization, philosophy, and mathematics. Discuss the Problem of Empire in the Ancient World The main problems that faced the earliest empires were how governance[1], avoiding invasions by other stronger and emerging kingdoms. These problems existed due to the fact that rival empires were growing and expanding and risks of traitors within the kingdom were high as well as attacks from rival empires. To rule successfully, the emperors had to cultivate loyalty from their subjects to ensure his citizens could guard and protect the empire. This called for the emperors to employ different strategies on how to ensure that their subjects maintained loyalty at the same time remaining united for the sake of recognition and the power of the empire. Opposition and internal revolts within the empire was another problem that the early empires faced this made some of the rulers become to harsh to their subjects in order to ensure loyalty was observed. How Did the First Empires Come About? The first empires are said to have come as a result of civilization, democracy and rule of law. The strong and the influential people in the society became the rulers by associating with people who believed in their views thus creating a following. They ruled these empires through political and social organizations. Another factor that led to the emergence of the early empires was the invention of gunpowder. Kingdoms attacked and captured rival and empires at will making them part of their own. For example the Ottoman Empire emerged in 1350as a result of use of gun powder and by the early 1500 through the use of artillery, the ottomans had expanded even to Iraq. Trade was another factor that led to the emergence of the early empires. It is worthy noting that some of the early empires were established within trade routes. Trade centers were established and with time these trade centers became empires.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can h elp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What were the strengths and weaknesses of the universal empires of Assyria and Persia? Assyrian Empire Strengths The major strength of the Assyrian empire has always been attributed to its effective and organized army. They are widely regarded as the first organized and well trained armies in the world history. The army used superior weapons and was also well disciplined. They also had the capability of using different kinds of military tactics which led to the emergence of the empire army as one of the strongest at that time. Weaknesses One of the major weaknesses that led to the collapse of the empire was the failure by the kingdom to solve the Babylonian problem by ending the continuing conflicts. These conflicts weakened the kingdom to the extent that Babylonians who had been seen as a weak empire were able to conquer Egypt out of the Assyrians hands. Another factor that could have led to the weakness of the A ssyrians was the fact that their rulers were cruel and harsh to their own subjects and this contributed to growing discontentment among the Assyrians. Persian Empire Strengths While the Assyrians were known to be cruel and harsh, the Persians were known to institute a rule that was relatively less incriminating and demanding. Thus, their success in ruling the western Asia and ruling them for a period of two centuries was not only due to their outstanding military qualities and man power resources but also due to how they ruled their subjects. The requirement that all the Persians serve in the army under a form of universal conscription made the Persian army such strong by providing the required manpower in case of war with the other empires. The Persian Empire was also the largest by geographical content but despite this the empire was centralized and thus chances of divisions were very low. The king was a very important person in keeping the empire together and despite some of the revolts which were experienced, the empire was never threatened. The rivalry between the rulers under the king also ensured the kingdom succeeded as it was difficult for any conspiracy development against the central authority among them. Weaknesses The stagnation of the Persian army in making technology advancement led to its fall to the Greco-Macedonian army. The death of Alexandria was another source of the empire kingdom. Since after his death the army commanders began dividing the kingdom and thus reliance on manpower could not be relied on during the warsAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Western Experience to the Eighteenth Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How did the Greeks Fail at Empire yet Succeed at Civilization? The failure of the Greeks at the empire level was mainly due to the conflict among its groups. These groups never cooperated even during the times of conflict and this was a major weakness to the empire. For example the conflict between the Spartans and the Athens was one of the signs that the Greek empire was on the verge of collapsing. When the Spartans conquered the Athens and started placing their rules on them it resulted in revolts against the Spartans dominance by both the Athens and the Thebes. These conflicts led to the weakening of the kingdom and for example by the end of the conflict between the Spartans and the Athens, there was no group that was strong enough to unite the other members of the empire. Driven by traditional separatism and the desire for own independence, uniting the Greek states was quite a problem. The enmity which existed could not allow the states to help one another and thus rather than uniting in the verge of a disaster some remained neutral while others hoped for the punishment and destruction of rival groups within the empire leading to the failure of the kingdom[2]. However, the cultures of Greeks evolved to create the most glorio us civilization of the ancient world. The kingdom led in art, philosophy, political culture and science. The phase commonly known as the archaic period saw the advancements in political supposition and the beginning of egalitarianism as well as art and culture. After the fall of Mycenaean civilization, the Greeks formed small tribes of which some were agricultural and others were nomadic. In their bid to succeed and outdo the other groups, these agricultural and nomadic groups developed technologies which increased their productivity and thus the advancements in civilization. These ethnic groups made one of the supreme Greece (political) accomplishments. The Greek tribes came together and developed strong city states with each state establishing its own culture and political structure and thus while it was hard for them to adopt the culture or the political structure of the other state, they succeeded highly at civilization How Did The Roman Empire Arise Out Of A Crisis, Create More Crises, And Yet Survive Several Crises? The crisis The kingdom slipped into anarchy after the assassination of Commodus whose death brought about civil war within the empire. As if that was not enough, his successor was also murdered and the office put on auction by the body guard leading to various people buying the office but none succeeding at ruling the empire and this led to succession battles. The rulers who followed tried to increase the emperor’s authority and preserve the unity within the empire and this resulted to an army monarch where state intervention was carried out with ruthless severity. The people charged with law enforcement became selfish and those who opposed the system were physically harassed bringing about widened uprisings within the realm.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cities which were now centers of civil and military administration became parasitic in a way and their contribution to the economy was just the consumption of farm produce. The end users were, nearly without exemption, either armed forces barracks or local majestic (civil) servants. The state was required to drive the economy but no one was willing or cared about the situation. Thus, as the state broke down so did the Roman economy come to a stop and collapsed. The slaves who used to flood the kingdom were nowhere to be seen and thus the availability of the cheap labor was no longer a guarantee. By the start of the 3rd century, depopulation and disturbance caused by attacks, epidemics, and general turn downs in fertility had resulted in a demographic disintegration. This exposed how the kingdom was ineffective and profligate through its (Latifundia) system. The previous access to labor at no cost had hampered technological advancements in the agriculture sector and with the nona ppearance of slaves, the deficiency in manpower led to curtailed productivity in the empire. The currency devaluation along with increased supply of the valuable metals brought about (rapid) inflation also increasing the cost of basic commodities within the empire. As the political and military organization of the kingdom collapsed, people localized and the empire became of less importance to its citizens. The Revival of the Empire The revival of the empire was brought about when the stability was restored; the army was reorganized by building huge reserves for their support, their source of food and income was guaranteed. After the demise of Severus Alexander, the ruler powers were fundamentally cut due to the suspicions and fears that if too much power was given to the emperors the kingdom could ride back to anarchy as earlier experienced. The roman citizens did not see the royal leaders as gods as they had been seen before and too much power was yielded to the citizens rather tha n on the rulers. This new emerging empire at the beginning of the 4th century was not similar to that of the past. Particularly in the western side of the empire, what previously could have been described as the Roman civilization underwent huge changes the empire was now characterized by strong presence of army in every place. While in the past the army was concentrated along the borders with the cities and interior having none of their presence, they were now felt everywhere. After Diocletian, the old cities were made more secure by surrounding them with huge walls often from the old debris of the old houses and other structures which had been demolished. Coloni and Serfs took the slaves position in a bid to arrest manpower shortage. Though they (serfs and coloni) had freedom, they two groups were supposed to remain in these estates as they were tied by to pay rents and taxes. What caused the ultimate failure of the western portion of the Roman Empire, and what were its consequenc es? Imperial expansion increased the power of military commanders and to them; they viewed this as an opportunity to seize political power from the civil authorities. In return, this resulted in the rulers accumulating enormous wealth brought about through corruption. Aristocracy was also diverted from civic duties and social duties towards pursuit of wealth and sensual gratification. Growth of slavery propelled by the large number of war captives served in the enlarging farm and estates. The rich grabbed the land which belonged to the poor peasants and this brought about resentment within the kingdom and it made the peasants become mercenaries since they has nothing to do. There was also the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the empire neglect of its military and civic duties provided opportunities for ambitious army generals to enlist for support from fellow soldiers and the discontented masses and this was translated to a cycle of factionalism and civic strife which led to military dictatorships. At its last stage the western empire found had become impoverished, depopulated, and stripped off its territories by the encompassing barbarians whose military skills and dynamism were superior to Romans artillery. We can summarize that the fall of the Roman Empire took a few centuries due to the slow disappearance of liberty and the decline of private and public confidence on the kingdom. The civil wars that brought the kingdom down were as a result of the lost confidence. â€Å"At the same time, the disappearance of liberty further accelerated the decline of virtue itself. Without the risks, responsibilities, and challenges of freedom, public and private virtue gradually withered, facilitating the Empires general decline†[3]. The empires centralization policy and the uniformity impositions which were later followed by elimination of mediating structures between the civilians and the authority also brought the kingdom to a further decline. The gro wing appetite of the government for revenues also led to the decline of the kingdom. The various taxes which existed and included levies on land and personal income were another major factor due to the simple fact that the hardest affected were the ordinary and most productive citizens. Eventually, the taxes became so high that in most parts of the empire the farmers abandoned their lands and refused to till them so as to avoid the ever increasing taxes, as the taxes increased so was the bureaucracy level. This led to low populations as most of the empire citizens avoided giving birth leading even to the emperor allowing the gothic to stay permanently in the kingdom due to the dwindling population. Christianity also led to the decline of the Roman Empire[4]. The Christian teachings contrasted against the Roman society pillars. Since the reason of fighting anymore was not there, they already had a defined end; the question was just when the end would come. Conclusion From the above s tudy, we can conclude that the end of the early empires was brought about by many factors depending with the situations. For example, the Roman Empire collapsed as a result of bad govern-ship while others collapsed due to internal conflicts whereas the Persian Empire started weakening after the death of Alexandria. Some say history can repeat itself and thus it is advisable to learn from these empires how they rose and collapsed. Bibliography of notes How to rule their subjects successfully containing any internal revolt that may lead to the destabilization of the empire Marko, Marelich. â€Å"Ancient Greek Civilization in the Fifth Century.† San Francisco, California-USA, 2006. Web. Edward, Gibbons. The history of the Decline and fall of the Roman Empire. (New York: The Modern Library, 2003 p.104). Edward, Gibbons. The history of the Decline and fall of the Roman Empire. (New York: The Modern Library, 2003 p. 104). Bibliography Gibbons. Edward. The history of the Decline a nd fall of the Roman Empire. New York: The Modern Library, 2003. Marelich, Marko. â€Å"Ancient Greek Civilization in the Fifth Century.† San Francisco, California-USA, 2006. Web. Footnotes How to rule their subjects successfully containing any internal revolt that may lead to the destabilization of the empire Marko. Marelich. â€Å"Ancient Greek Civilization in the Fifth Century.† San Francisco, California-USA, 2006. Edward, Gibbons. The history of the Decline and fall of the Roman Empire. (New York: The Modern Library, 2003 p.104). Edward, Gibbons. The history of the Decline and fall of the Roman Empire. (New York: The Modern Library, 2003 p. 104).

Free Essays on Marijuana Use

Marijuana Use: Medical and Recreational†¦It’s All Good It is time to put to rest the myth that smoking marijuana is a deviant activity only practiced by those who are considered to be the dregs of society. In reality, it is extremely common and is the recreational drug of choice for millions of mainstream Americans. In fact, it is the third most popular drug in America, exceeded only by alcohol and tobacco. A survey conducted by the ACLU found that 32 percent of the voting adults in this country acknowledged having smoked marijuana at some point in their lives. Also, many successful business and professional leaders, including state and federal elected officials, admit they have used marijuana. So, it is obvious that the vast majority of marijuana smokers are otherwise law-abiding citizens who work hard, raise families, and contribute to their communities. They are simply average Americans who should not be punished for this virtually harmless activity. That is why we should stop wasting limited law enforcement resources a! rresting them and start legalizing the use of marijuana for both medical and recreational purposes. Did you know that one American is arrested on marijuana charges every 45 seconds? Approximately 44 percent of all drug arrests in this country are marijuana arrests. Unfortunately, this focus on marijuana has caused a shift away from enforcement against more dangerous drugs such as cocaine and heroin. It might surprise you to learn that marijuana arrests have more than doubled since 1990 while arrests for the sale of cocaine and heroin have fallen more than 50 percent. On top of that, the penalties for the possession, cultivation, and sale of marijuana are entirely too severe. In 42 states, possession of any amount is punishable by incarceration. Penalties for sale or cultivation vary from state to state. Ten states have maximum sentences of five tears or less and eleven states have maximum senten... Free Essays on Marijuana Use Free Essays on Marijuana Use Marijuana Use: Medical and Recreational†¦It’s All Good It is time to put to rest the myth that smoking marijuana is a deviant activity only practiced by those who are considered to be the dregs of society. In reality, it is extremely common and is the recreational drug of choice for millions of mainstream Americans. In fact, it is the third most popular drug in America, exceeded only by alcohol and tobacco. A survey conducted by the ACLU found that 32 percent of the voting adults in this country acknowledged having smoked marijuana at some point in their lives. Also, many successful business and professional leaders, including state and federal elected officials, admit they have used marijuana. So, it is obvious that the vast majority of marijuana smokers are otherwise law-abiding citizens who work hard, raise families, and contribute to their communities. They are simply average Americans who should not be punished for this virtually harmless activity. That is why we should stop wasting limited law enforcement resources a! rresting them and start legalizing the use of marijuana for both medical and recreational purposes. Did you know that one American is arrested on marijuana charges every 45 seconds? Approximately 44 percent of all drug arrests in this country are marijuana arrests. Unfortunately, this focus on marijuana has caused a shift away from enforcement against more dangerous drugs such as cocaine and heroin. It might surprise you to learn that marijuana arrests have more than doubled since 1990 while arrests for the sale of cocaine and heroin have fallen more than 50 percent. On top of that, the penalties for the possession, cultivation, and sale of marijuana are entirely too severe. In 42 states, possession of any amount is punishable by incarceration. Penalties for sale or cultivation vary from state to state. Ten states have maximum sentences of five tears or less and eleven states have maximum senten...

Conflict with man and women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conflict with man and women - Essay Example How, then, is it possible for men and women to communicate successfully and reach mutual understanding? One key element for the success is the recognition of the differences in the thought process, and to acceptance of those without trying to change the other person or trying to â€Å"shape† them according to what we are comfortable with. Men choose not to talk about unimportant and trivial things. Men need action. They want to go ahead and fix the given situation. If the knee is scraped, just put a bandage on it, and there! - It does not hurt any more. There is nothing more to talk about. It is not the same for women. They not necessary need the bandage, but they do need to have someone who would embrace them and will say it will be alright. Conversation is not only a way to find solution; it is an important process of assessment. Sometime, conversation is a way of relaxing and releasing stress after a full working day. Other times it is a need to stay â€Å"connected† . Both articles give very interesting perspectives on communication differences. The one will be wise to remember those and use it in building connections. As it is shown by the example in the second article, that exact knowledge and understanding helped the couple to improve their marriage of twenty-three years.

Computer crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Computer crime - Research Paper Example These criminals are traced through the computer system, and they are got through computer IP addresses and Mac addresses which are unique with the log files they generate. These are among the various and popular problems of lack of confidentiality and privacy in the computer users. Below is a discussion of various examples of computer crimes. Some of the contents circulated in computers in various non-specific ways. These may include obscenities, inflammatory and derogatory contents of speech form people focusing on a specific target group in the society e.g. gander, race or religion among other social groups. This can also be used to propel hate speech in political volatile regions and political arrest situation where ethnicity prevails among the leaders. Fraud is a criminal act that involves false acquisition of money through the use of computer and network system. This includes hacking of bank accounts, vandalism of ATM and the use of fishers to hack password for false transfer of online money. This is an illegal practice and harms the unsuspecting victims. It is evident that information and technology and government officials have well documented numerous incidents on the breakdown of servers and network infrastructures due to sabotage (Parker, 1983). These criminals pulls down the servers, and stop the normal operation causing loss of data, and siphoning information from the servers and hence causing many institution suffer from computer terrorism